Volume Editors:  Pierre Filion (University of Waterloo), Mark Skidmore (Michigan State University) and This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (Wayne State University)

Disasters – sudden cataclysmic events, resulting in property damage and loss of life – appear to be occurring with increasing frequency and intensity.  This can be attributed, in part, to global growth in urbanization.  As the number and size of cities increases, the potential and importance of these events also increases; flooding that destroys a city has greater impact than one that only destroys crops.

Despite more frequent occurrences, efforts to better anticipate disasters have been limited.  Moreover, once the disaster has occurred, the effectiveness of recovery efforts is often inadequate.  The proposed book will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between disasters and how cities prepare for, and recover from, them.

The editors envision the book will have two primary organizational dimensions. The first is temporal, with the disaster event at the center.  We are interested in papers that address what cities do to prepare for disasters and what occurs in subsequent recovery efforts.  (We do not anticipate that the book will include papers dealing exclusively with actual disaster events.)  The planning and preparation for the disaster may focus on risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis, and other aspects.  Of particular interest would be papers that consider how emerging disaster risks (new pandemics, terrorism) are evaluated and addressed.  Papers dealing with post-disaster recovery may include analysis of choices with respect to rebuilding (where, what), the pace of recovery efforts or policy changes (including new codes and ordinances that are adopted to mitigate future damage).

The second organizational dimension is the continuum that runs from disasters brought on by natural events (hurricanes, earthquakes) to disasters brought on by human action (terrorism).  Given the urban focus of this book, this dimension will address disasters that occur at the nexus of human and natural activity.  Thus, papers dealing with primarily natural phenomena (drought, climate change) will be considered only if they address ways that these events affect urban populations.  Comparative studies (before and after, successful and unsuccessful, primarily human and primarily natural events, international cases) are encouraged.

This volume will be part of the Global Urban Studies series, edited by Laura A. Reese (Michigan State University) for Ashgate Press.  Volumes in this series are international and interdisciplinary in content.  Individual papers may provide comparative analyses, case studies, risk analyses, policy and theoretical analyses.

Papers should be no more than 40 double spaced pages, including tables, figures and citations.

Interested authors should submit an abstract, of no more than 300 words, that describes the proposed research questions, data, and methodology, along with an outline of the proposed paper and a brief summary of the authors’ qualifications.  This material should be submitted by September 15, 2013.  The editors will respond to each proposal by October 15, 2013.  The deadline for submitting the completed paper is March 15, 2014.

Proposals should be submitted to Professor Gary Sands at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. Authors may contact any of the editors of this volume with questions.

19th APDR Workshop - International Workshop

Resilient territories: innovation and creativity for new modes of regional development

Venue: Faculty of Economics, University of Algarve, Faro, PORTUGAL

Date: 29th November 2013

Background

In a context of economic turbulence, resilient territories gained relevance for academics, planners and decision makers. Resilience can be understood as a non-equilibrium characteristic that facilitates a socio-economic system to recover from a negative impact by re-entering a former trajectory or by adapting a new trajectory that successfully deals with the external pressures. Resilience is also connected but not fully integrated in literature with more stabilized notions, such as innovation and creativity. The International Workshop in “Resilient territories”, co-organized by APDR - Portuguese Association for Regional Development and CIEO – Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics of the University of Algarve, invites senior and early stage researchers, but also practioners, working in the following topics, to debate the research and policy-making agenda, in a transdisciplinary perspective, for this particular field of innovation studies and regional science.

Topics

1. Theoretical contributions towards the integration of resilience, innovation, creativity and/or other relevant regional science branches
2. Empirical studies focusing the conditions for resilient territories
3. Smart specialization connections with creativity and innovation
4. Impacts of talent and human capital in regional development
5. Articulation of related variety and resilience
6. Different forms of cosmopolitanism in innovation, creativity and resilience
7. Clustering dynamics, and resilience
8. Maritime economy and niches of excellence
9. Comparative studies on institutional factors that shape resilience
10. RIS3 instruments focused in innovation and creativity
11. Policies implemented in resilient territories

Expected contributions of the conference

The conference intends to contribute for the definition and advancing of the scientific agenda in the topics of resilience, innovation and regional creativity. The conference is also focused in informing policy and decision-makers, in different levels of action, about the advancements of conceptualization in these domains. This may have relevant impacts in the process of planning, designing new policy measures and instruments, specifically for the implementation of Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS 3), that can help the construction of more resilient territories in Europe.

This workshop also integrates a focus group discussion about “Human Capital and Related Variety in the Maritime Economy” developed by HARVEST Atlantic – Harnessing all resources valuable to economies of seaside territories on the Atlantic, project co-financed by the European cooperation program INTERREG Atlantic Area, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

IMPORTANT DATES:

Abstract Submission: October 5, 2013

Results of the review process: October 19, 2013

Paper Submission: November 1, 2013

Registration with Reduced Price: November 1, 2013

For more information follow:  http://www.apdr.pt/evento_19/

The Executive Board of Geographical Analysis invites expressions of interest in the Editorship of the journal. The 2014 volume will be the sixth of current Editor Dan Griffith's term. The board thanks him for his diligent and successful leadership. The expected transition will occur on or about July 1, 2014, and the new editor's first named issue will be the 2015 volume. As well as having all the usual markers of excellence in academic judgment and endeavors, the prospective editor's home institution is expected to be supportive.  The appointment is initially for a three year term, with the possibility of renewal.

Contact for information: Morton O'Kelly, Chair, GA Executive Committee. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.  

The target date for receipt of expressions of interest is November 15, 2013.

Papers in Regional Science (PiRS) is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the RSAI. Members have free online access to the journal. To access Papers in Regional Science visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1435-5957(ISSN)1435-5957

Aims and Scope

Papers in Regional Science is the official journal of the Regional Science Association International. It encourages high quality scholarship on a broad range of topics in the field of regional science. These topics include, but are not limited to, behavioural modelling of location, transportation, and migration decisions, land use and urban development, inter-industry analysis, environmental and ecological analysis, resource management, urban and regional policy analysis, geographical information systems, and spatial statistics.

The journal publishes papers that make a new contribution to the theory, methods and models related to urban and regional (or spatial) matters. The editors invite submissions of papers that emphasize the application of theoretical frameworks, methods and models, developed specifically for the study of urban and regional phenomena. They also welcome contributions to the understanding of regional phenomena that employ theoretical frameworks and methods developed in other fields.

Key words

papers, regional, science, RSAI, journal, geography, location, transportation, migration, urban, development, environment, policy, spatial, resource management

Abstracting and Indexing Information

• Academic Search (EBSCO Publishing)
• Academic Search Premier (EBSCO Publishing)
• AgeLine Database (EBSCO Publishing)
• Current Contents: Social & Behavioral Sciences (Thomson Reuters)
• EconLit (AEA)
• GEOBASE (Elsevier)
• IBSS: International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (ProQuest)
• Journal Citation Reports/Social Science Edition (Thomson Reuters)
• RePEc: Research Papers in Economics
• SCOPUS (Elsevier)
• Social Sciences Citation Index (Thomson Reuters)

Regional Science Policy & Practice (RSPP) is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the RSAI. Members have free online access to the journal. To access Regional Science Policy & Practice visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1757-7802

Regional Science Policy & Practice is the official policy and practitioner orientated journal of the Regional Science Association International. It is an international journal that publishes high quality papers in applied regional science that explore policy and practice issues in regional and local development. It welcomes papers from a range of academic disciplines and practitioners including planning, public policy, geography, economics and environmental science and related fields. Papers should address the interface between academic debates and policy development and application.RSPP provides an opportunity for academics and policy makers to develop a dialogue to identify and explore many of the challenges facing local and regional economies.

RSPP publishes high quality papers targeted at informing the policy development process leading to the formation of theoretically grounded regional policy. The editors invite submissions dealing with the policy and practice of regional and local development. Contributions that are the outcome of collaborations between researchers and policy and practice professions are encouraged.

Aims and Scope

Regional Science Policy & Practice (RSPP) is the official policy and practitioner orientated journal of the Regional Science Association International. It is an international journal that publishes high quality papers in applied regional science that explore policy and practice issues in regional and local development. It welcomes papers from a range of academic disciplines and practitioners including planning, public policy, geography, economics and environmental science and related fields. Papers should address the interface between academic debates and policy development and application.RSPP provides an opportunity for academics and policy makers to develop a dialogue to identify and explore many of the challenges facing local and regional economies.

RSPP publishes high quality papers targeted at informing the policy development process leading to the formation of theoretically grounded regional policy. The editors invite submissions dealing with the policy and practice of regional and local development. Contributions that are the outcome of collaborations between researchers and policy and practice professions are encouraged.

Keywords

regional, science, policy, practice, RSAI, journal, geography, applied, local development, planning, public policy, economics, environmental science

NOW PUBLISHED

JIBS Special Issue: The Multinational in Geographic Space

Guest Editors: Sjoerd Beugelsdijk, Ram Mudambi and Ulf Andersson

This special issue of Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) advances a crucial new research agenda - to model international and subnational spatial variation jointly.  Such analysis integrates the discrete effects of national borders with the continuous effects of distance. Both international and subnational contexts are affected by distance, but only the former are affected by borders.

The full special issue contents can be viewed here:

 http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jibs/journal/v44/n5/index.html

We are pleased to highlight the following Editors’ selections from this issue:

 * MNEs as border-crossing multi-location enterprises: The role of discontinuities in geographic space, by Sjoerd Beugelsdijk and Ram Mudambi

 * Global cities and multinational enterprise location strategy, by Anthony Goerzen, Christian Geisler Asmussen and Bo Bernhard Nielsen

 * The hassle factor: An explanation for managerial location shunning, by Andreas Schotter and Paul W Beamish

These articles are available free-to-read through August 31, 2013.  We hope you will also share them with colleagues who may be interested!

===================================================

Keep up-to-date with the latest news from JIBS:

===================================================

 * Visit the journal website: http://www.jibs.net

 * Sign up for free table of contents e-alerts:  http://bit.ly/JIBSe-alert

 * Follow @JIBSupdates on Twitter:  http://bit.ly/JIBSupdates

 * ‘Like’ JIBS on Facebook:  http://bit.ly/JIBS_FB

RSAI announces a search for an Editor or Editors of the RSAI Newsletter. The RSAI Newsletter is an important medium of information dissemination among RSAI members, making major announcements, reporting on news and pertinent events, and more generally on the life of our affiliated organizations and associations worldwide. It is currently published semi-annually.

The term of office of the current Editors ends in December 2013. The Board is now accepting applications for the position with a term of office of three years (renewable).

Those interested in the position should provide RSAI Council with the following:

1. A letter of interest that includes information on the applicant’s experience with publications and a vision for the publication of the RSAI Newsletter for the next three years. The letter should indicate any support that may be provided by the host institution.
2. A copy of the candidate’s curriculum vitae/resume.

Interested candidates are invited to include suggestions for proposed directions for the publication that would enhance the mission to disseminate news about RSAI, its affiliated organizations, and its members to our global community of researchers and practitioners. Currently, the RSAI Newsletter is published in electronic form as well as in hard copy. In order to better serve the needs of our worldwide membership, a team of Editor(s) based on different continent may be considered favorably. The Editor(s) must be fluent in English and will work closely with the office of the Executive Director to articulate coherently a strategy of news gathering and dissemination on print and electronic platforms.

The Editor(s) must be member(s) of RSAI.

Applications will be reviewed upon receipt. The deadline for applications is September 1, 2013. Applications should be sent in digital form (PDF only) to the Dr. Tomaz Dentinho, RSAI Executive Director, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..  

 Call for Participation
„Evolutionary Economic Geography in Central and EasternEurope”
November 11-15, 2013, Budapest
with leading role of
Prof. Ron A. Boschma
CIRCLE, Lund University and Utrecht University

The Centre for Economic and Regional (CERSHAS) is pleased to announce the workshop on „Evolutionary Economic Geography in Central and Eastern Europe”, which will be co-organized by International Business School Budapest, the Doctoral School in Economic of University of Szeged,  Section of European Regional Science Association.

Further information available at
http://econ.core.hu/eeg_in_cee.html

CALL FOR PAPERS: World Symposium on Transport and Land Use Research 2014

June 24-27, 2014 in Delft, the Netherlands

Paper submission deadline: November 30, 2013

About the Symposium

We are pleased to announce the 2014 meeting of the World Symposium on Transport and Land Use Research (WSTLUR) to be held in Delft, the Netherlands, June 24 - June 27, 2014.  The conference provides a unique international forum for academics and practitioners at the intersection of economics, planning, design, engineering, and other relevant disciplines. The Conference is aimed at developing a better understanding of the interaction between the dynamics of land use and transport, with an emphasis on the way in which the built environment can contribute to more sustainable transport in a rapidly changing world. Papers are welcome on a wide range of topics covering all modes of transport, both passenger and freight transport, at all spatial scales.

The prestigious Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) hosts this conference in the fabulous-to-visit & bicycle-friendly city of Delft, in the heart of the Randstad Holland.   In addition to the technical program, the conference provides a day tour through parts of the Randstad, including transit-oriented development in the city of The Hague.  Hotel rooms are pre-booked in the historical city center; within walking distance of the university campus (public transport is also available).

In addition to presentations based on peer-reviewed papers, the conference program will include confirmed plenary presentations from:

Submission of Papers

WSTLUR seeks papers on the interaction of transport and land use.

Welcome domains include: engineering, planning, modeling, behavior, economics, geography, regional science, sociology, psychology, health, architecture and design, network science, and complex systems. Original papers must be submitted electronically November 30, 2013 for consideration. Full papers should be uploaded for peer review at  https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu by midnight (Pacific Standard Time) on Nov 30. See  http://www.cts.umn.edu/events/wstlur/ for more details related to the conference.

All papers accepted for WSTLUR will be considered for publication in the Journal of Transport and Land Use.

WSTLUR welcomes all papers on the topic of transport and land use. In addition to this general call, special calls are listed below in alphabetical order.

1- Accessibility analysis and evaluation, led by Karst Geurs (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; University of Twente) and Ahmed El-Geneidy

(This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; McGill University). This is a special session on accessibility modeling and analysis organized by NECTAR (Network on European Communications and Transport Activities Research) Cluster 6 and WSTLUR. Although accessibility analysis has evolved from simple calculations to complex and detailed methods at fine levels of spatial resolution, there are many outstanding questions on accessibility analysis and modelling - and its practical use in transport planning. We particularly welcome papers on the use of accessibility measures in impact evaluations of transport investments, e.g. economic and social impact assessments, also in the light of network vulnerability and resilience issues.

2- Active Transport and Land use: led by Kevin J. Krizek (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; University of Colorado Boulder). Ideal papers for this special issue will explore detailed aspects of non-motorized travel and its interface with existing transport networks and urban form, policy, or other relevant dimensions of travel behavior or health. Selected papers from this session will be included in a special issue of JTLU. See the WSTLUR paper submission web page for detailed instructions.

3- Children and Youth Transport and Land Use Theory, Method and Applications: Led by Ron Buliung (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; University of Toronto) and Raktim Mitra (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; Ryerson Univeristy). A broad call for papers intended to draw attention to the connection between children and youth mobility and land use/ built environment. We invite international research focused on theory, innovative survey methods and applied research.

4- Empirical Studies of Automobile Parking and Travel: led by Dan Chatman (<This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.>This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; University of California, Berkeley): The strong influence of the supply and cost of automobile parking on automobile use is both intuitive and theoretically well-established. But there have been fewer empirical studies of how on-street and off-street automobile parking affect auto use or the use of other travel modes. A related issue is whether built environment characteristics like density, diversity, and design have been ascribed influences upon travel that are actually due to variations in the supply and cost of parking, Ideal papers for this special issue will address any aspect of parking supply as a built environment characteristic and its empirical relationship to travel patterns, or novel theoretical relationships that have not already been established in previous literature.

5- Integrated land use and Transport Models: led by Zachary Patterson (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; Concordia University, Montreal). The past two decades has seen the development and application of increasingly advanced integrated transport and land-use modeling systems. Papers on the application of these models into emerging areas (e.g. social equity), innovations in submodels of these complex modeling systems and their incorporation in the planning process are welcomed.

6- Network Structure: led by David Levinson (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; University of Minnesota), Stephen Marshall (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;

University of College London), Kay Axhausen (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; ETH Zurich), and Basil Vitins (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.;

ETH, Zurich). The structure of transport networks depends on, and shapes both demand for travel and patterns of land use. Empirical and theoretical analyses of rules or grammars for generating networks and places, systematic characterization of networks, studies of the development and evolution of networks, comparative network analysis, and the relationship between network structure, land use, and travel behavior are welcome.

7- Transit Oriented Development (TOD): led by Kees Maat (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., at TU Delft). TOD principles have been developed in metropolitan areas, in order to promote more sustainable travel behaviour. Papers providing empirical evidence and discussing implementation and governance issues are welcomed.

When submitting your manuscript please verify which session stream you are interested in.

Key Dates

• Papers Due: November 30th, 2013
• Decisions for included papers: Early March 2014
• Final Papers Due (subject to acceptance): Late April 2014
• Early Registration Deadline: March 15th, 2014
• Conference: June 24-27, 2014

Questions?

For questions regarding the conference please direct them to

• Kelly J. Clifton (Portland State University) at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
• Ahmed El-Geneidy (McGill University) at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
• Kees Maat (Delft University of Technology) at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
• Karst Geurs (University of Twente) at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

We look forward to seeing you in the heart of Europe next summer!

Kara Kockelman & WSTLUR’s other Board Members

General Information

The PRSCO Conference took place in Bandung, Indonesia, from the 2^nd till the 4^th of July. More than 300 participants from 22 countries were counted. Stupendous organization and sympathy with a very good selection of papers, remarkable keynote speakers and involving social events namely the PRSCO Orchestra of Angklungs.

Regional scientists from 20 countries playing angklung in Gedung Sate, Bandung, Indonesia.

The presence of Prof. Armida Alisjahbana, Minister of National Development Planning for Indonesia, of Prof. Iwan Jaya Azis from the Asian Development Bank and of the Rector of Padjadjaran University, Prof. Ganjar Kurmia, among many other well-known regional scientists illustrates the desire of the organization and the participants to respond to global, Asian, national and regional challenges also within the consistent and flexible framework of regional science.

Revealing was the presence of a large number or young scientists with very interesting presentations. Also remarkable was the effective and kind support of the students of the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Padjadjaran indicating a very good academic environment. Congratulations to the students and to the Chair of the Local Organizing Committee, Dr. Mohamad Fahmi and to Dr. Nury Effenti, Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business.

Synthesis of the Plenary Sessions

Entering the Uncharted Territory

Iwan J. Aziz – Head of the Office of Regional Economic Integration (OREI), Asian Development Bank and Professor at Cornell University, USA.

“Asia is an irony. It has gone through a dramatic turnaround from excess investment during the pre-1997 Asian financial crises (AFC) to excess savings during the post AFC, including the rise of foreign reserve accumulation. Yet, the region is saving huge deficits in social and physical infrastructure….

….Unlike during the Pre-AFC, this time increased capital flows in Asia occur while the region has excess savings. This complicates the issues and poses major policy challenges. Not only gross flows become more important to track than net flows, but the size and types of flows matter a lot…

….The rising volatility of capital flows in the region has not been uniform, and bank-led flows occurred most frequently. This poses more difficult to maintain financial and macro stability…

… First, with a stronger currency as a result of capital inflows, the balance sheet position of borrowers improves, generating an even greater risk-taking in the part of banks and stimulating further inflows through cross-border bank led capital flows…

… Second, the global financial stability can be affected by competitive devaluation. This is the reason why the International Monetary Fund (IMF) needs to set the best course of direction in terms of the type and nature of intervention member countries can take….

…Third, there is a need for cross border bank regulation that has always discussed but progress has been close to none…

…Unlike the goods market, the financial market is a different “animal” , featuring complex interrelations with asymmetric information and high unpredictability that may generate seemingly non-rational decisions by agents…

…In short, the capacity of domestic safety nets needs to be augmented by regional safety nets. In ASEAN+3, the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateral (CMIM) is already in place, and India has been leading the efforts to set up similar regional financial safety nets for South Asia, does this mean Asia has no reason to worry? Plenty of reasons…

… Financial crisis are explainable but not predictable. Does Asia need one to realize the danger of entering the uncharged territory?”

Socio-Spatial Dynamics of Economic Growth and Development

Jichung Yang – Professor at Seoul University, Korea.

 “There are many factors of economic growth and development: external trade, job creation, education, research and development spillover effects, industrial complexity….

….Regarding the social and economic spatial dimensions economic growth and development increases urbanization, reinforces the interactions between macro and micro levels of the economy, and interacts with the social-spatial dynamics recognizable in congested city infrastructures and cost disparities…

….Furthermore there are new phenomena that will have strong interactions with economic growth and development such as aging population, changing demand, political uncertainty and globalization…

Looking into the relations between urbanization and economic growth and more specifically urban structures and development it is possible to see, form the analysis of different urban agglomerations, that: sectorial clustering has a positive effect on productivity; proximity between companies of different sectors also have a positive effect on productivity; finally, entrepreneurship is also important regarding productivity…

On the other hand there are negative effects on growth such as economic recessions, insufficient job creation, low quality of housing, deceptive urban regeneration strategies…

Sustainable development strategies must be based in: i) stimulate innovation through increased agglomeration of companies beyond factor growth; ii) promote socially responsible investment; iii) coordinate and cure bureaucratic problems; iv) get involved in urban regeneration; v) intervene in the housing market; and vi) address the crises of the welfare state.”

Flying Carpets: transport and urban development

Piet Rietveld – VU University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

 “Networks grow and fade away. That happened and continues to happen with sea, rail, telegraph, pipelines, road and air networks. Cities usually have more than one top situation along time and are more persistent than networks; nevertheless it is possible to have extreme cases of continuous city growth and monotonous city decline….

There is a long term decrease in costs of maritime transportation (Crafts and Veneables, 2001) and all transport costs have decreased substantially; according to the new economic geography model this has implication for the urban size with decreasing transport costs leading to increased urban concentration up to a point where decreasing transport costs can result in lower concentration of economic activity

According to (Anderson, 1986) there were four logistical revolutions: 1000-1500: reduction of transport costs and trade barriers lead to cities of 100000 inhabitants (Venice); 1500-1800: further reductions and innovations in baking stimulated cities of 800000 inhabitants (London); 1800-2000: even further reductions in transport costs also in land transport, and production technological innovations created cities of 10 million and more inhabitants (Shanghai).

The driving force of the fourth revolution is passenger transport. According to Colin Clark (1958) the internal transport within urban areas evolved influencing the city structure: …1800 – transport costs of agriculture products; …1850 – transport costs for workers; …1920 – trams and bicycles;… 1975 – car and buses; 1975…- stagnation in large cities. What is next: des-urbanization or re-urbanization?

What is the spatial range of agglomeration economies: within one building: walking, elevator; 500 m: walking; 2 Km: walking, cycling, car, public; 20 Km: public transportation, car; 100 Km: car, train; 500 Km: car, air. Furthermore, according to Rice and Veneables (2006) the effect on productivity of doubling working population within travel time is: 3,5% until 30 minutes; 1,5% from 30 to 60 minutes; 0,5% from 60 to 80 minutes; and 0% for more than 80 minutes.

In the last decade urban transportation is conditioning urban development. The importance of vertical transportation is underestimated in transport economics and urban economics. It is important to look at the value of high rising buildings. The safe elevator was invented by Elisha Graves Otis in 1852. The number of skyscrapers is booming (from 549 in 1970 to 9514 in 2010), spreading (from the US to the world) and becoming taller (Dubai, Burj Kalifa, 828 meters high, 2007).

For urban economics, skyscrapers result from the trade-off between costs of land and construction costs. There are three more reasons: agglomeration effects (internal returns within organizations and agglomeration effects between organizations); prestige and view. Based on hedonic framework analysis for three Dutch cities it is shown that building height is positively related to office rents but the marginal benefit decreases until 100 meters height increasing beyond that due to reputation effects. Concluding skyscraper construction is booming and height restrictions may have adverse economic effects and inefficient use of land.

The development of regional CGE modeling for policy analysis: an Australian perspective

Peter B. Dixon– Monash University, Melburne, Australia

 “Wassily Leontief (1936 & 1941) made two great contributions: The input-output table, and the input-output model that uses I-O table [X=(I-A)-1*Y]. CGE modeling [v1 = T*v2] is another form of modeling that uses the I-O table  - Started with the work of Leif Johansen (1960) in Norway. CGE emphasizes behavior by individual agents, introduces resource constraints and substitution possibilities and price sensitive behavior.In Leontief’s world (the 1930s) there is high unemployment no upward pressure on prices of primary factors from extra demand. In Johansen’s world (the 1950s) there is full employment upward pressure on prices of primary factors from extra demand. The regionalization of IO and CGE models can be made top-down or bottom-up. This presentation shows two cases: i) One example of top-down CGE modeling: Removal of U.S. import restraints; ii) Another example on bottom-up regional modeling on the water buyback scheme for the Southern Murray-Darling Basin in Australia.

Top-Down Example: Work for the U.S. International Trade Commission by Dixon, P.B., M.T. Rimmer and M.E. Tsigas (2007). It was used an application of the 500-industry USAGE  CGE model disaggregating the final demand for commodities facility (Si,s,d) using the Horridge formula, that takes account tradability of commodities, assigns large diagonals for major producers, off diagonals reflects distances between supply and demand regions and the share of supply regions in the national output. The exercise continued by trying to identify the variables that explain the employment results of the CGE model associated with the effects of removal of import restraints: a state index, the existence of ports and vacations (for states with touristic events) explained the results of the CGE. Winner states from the removal of import restrains would be in the US borders: the South and West of the US and also North of the Tennessee Valley.

In the Botton-up regional CGE modeling Each region treated as a separate economy. Commodities flow between regions in response to price signals. Labor and capital flow between regions in response to wage differences, employment opportunities, and profit opportunities. Bottom-up approach required when shocks alter relative costs across regions (Si,s,d) becomes endogenous, and regions have their own taxes, technologies, and resource constraints. The example refers to the assessment of the policy proposed by the Australian government to buy water rights from farmers in the Southern Murray-Darling Basin (SMDB). Model results generate interesting questions and sustain consistent answers: 1) Why does Buyback (and consequent increase in the price of irrigation water) stimulate production of vegetables? Because when water prices are high, growing Vegetables is a better use of irrigable land and water than growing other crops such as Rice. Why does Buyback have a relatively minor effect on farm output in an irrigation-intensive region such as R6 (0.6% contraction, 74% dependence)? Because Grapes and Fruit irrigation are major irrigation industries in Region 6 and these are not as badly effected by Buyback as Rice and other irrigation crops which are barely represented in Region 6. Furthermore, increase in the price of water reduces the rental value of irrigable land.

Notes taken by Tomaz Ponce Dentinho